Q&A

WHAT ARE STDs? 

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are passed from one person to another via sexual contact, typically through vaginal, oral, or anal sex or any sexual contact involving the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. These diseases are acquired via bodily fluids in semen, blood, and vaginal secretions. STDs/STIs can also be transmitted in non-sexual ways, such as through sharing needles, blood transfusions, or from mother to infant during pregnancy or childbirth. 

There are more than 20 types of STIs, including: 

  • Chlamydia 
  • Genital herpes (HSV)
  • Gonorrhea 
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 
  • Syphilis 

CAN STDs AFFECT YOUR ANUS OR RECTUM? 

Although STDs are commonly associated with the frontal genitalia (penis and vagina), they can also affect the anus and rectum. STDs in the anorectal region are commonly transmitted through anal-receptive sexual intercourse, but they can also be transmitted through anal-oral sexual contact or spread from a genital infection sexually or non-sexually. 

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF STDs? 

Symptoms of STDs may vary. In fact, some people may not present with any noticeable symptoms at all. It is possible to contract an STD from otherwise healthy individuals, and some people may not even know that they have an STD themselves. This is why it’s important to get tested regularly if you’re sexually active. 

Common STD symptoms may include: 

  • Discharge from the penis 
  • Unusual vaginal bleeding or odd-smelling discharge 
  • Discharge from the anus 
  • Sores around the penile, vaginal, or anal regions 
  • Itching around the genitals and/or anus 
  • A burning feeling with urination 
  • Pain with sexual intercourse 
  • Fever or flu-like symptoms 
  • Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the groin 
  • Lower abdominal pain 

Depending on the disease, it could be days or years before symptoms show. Regardless, STD testing and treatment should be obtained immediately if you think you’ve been exposed. 

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF STDs? 

There can be several causes for STDs, such as: 

  • Bacteria (syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, shigella) 
  • Viruses (genital herpes, HIV, human papillomavirus, hepatitis A/B/C) 
  • Parasites (trichomoniasis, giardia) 

Despite their name, sexually transmitted diseases can be transmitted non-sexually as well, such as through: 

  • Kissing 
  • Sharing needles (tattoos, piercings, injections, etc) 
  • Sharing razors
  • Blood Transfusions 
  • Ingesting food or water that has been contaminated by fecal matter 

HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE STDs? 

Your provider will ask you targeted questions about any symptoms you may have, as well as about your sexual history. These questions will help them identify any infections you may have contracted and get you on your way to feeling better as soon as possible. STD tests may include blood tests, urine tests, or fluid testing from active genital/anal sores. 

HOW DO YOU TREAT STDs? 

Your provider plays a pivotal role in STD treatment. After asking the necessary questions and performing the requisite tests, your provider will prescribe medication as soon as possible to alleviate your symptoms. You should also notify any sexual partners immediately. 

STD treatment may include antibiotics, which will treat diseases like syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis. Antiviral drugs may be prescribed in the presence of herpes or HIV. If you suspect you may have been exposed to an STD, call Dr. Maziar Ghodsian or schedule an appointment online today.